Jules Leotard was born in Toulouse, France in 1872. His father was a gymnastics teacher and so it is not too difficult to see why the young Jules showed an interest in gymnastics and, in particular, acrobatics.
Although Jules showed great promise as an acrobat, he followed a more traditional path of education towards a professional career in law. However by the time Jules had reached the age of eighteen years, his interest in acrobatics had extended to experimenting with trapeze bars, ropes and rings.
Fuelled by a real passion for acrobatics, Leotard enlisted into the Cirque Napoleon, and made his debut public performance on the trapeze in November 1859. Leotard became an overnight success largely due to the fact that he performed a number of unique acrobatic tricks; he was the first performer to perform a mid-air somersault and also the first to leap from one trapeze bar to another.
Audiences flocked to see this innovative performer's twelve minute act, which involved Leotard jumping between three trapezes before he finally somersaulted to his safety mat below as a grand finale. Incidentally, Leotard's safety mat was not that safe; in reality it was little more than a few covered mattresses!
Jules Leotard's act was deemed so radical and progressive that his co-artistes sponsored both a commemorative medallion and a banquet in his honour.
In 1861 Leotard took his trapeze act from the circus into the music hall, debuting it at the Alhambra Theatre in London. He became a major star attracting thousands of people (who dined while he performed above their heads) and so became extremely well paid (Leotard earned approximately £5000 per week in today's terms).
The Legacy of Leotard
Aside from his innovative act, Leotard's name has been immortalized by two other factors; a famous song and an item of clothing.
In 1867 George Leybourne penned the lyrics to the song "The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze" about Leotard, which became quite the popular hit of its day. Leotard's more famous legacy though is the gymnastic or dance leotard.
Leotard's skin-tight body wear, which he called a maillot, was designed for a two-fold purpose. Firstly it was to ensure that it allowed him unimpeded movement to assist him in carrying out his acrobatic performances. Secondly, in accordance with his showman's wont, it was designed to show off his muscular physique.
Leotard's maillot became highly popular in the circus as other performers emulated Léotard. The virtues of the garment became accepted by others in the performing arts world to the point where its usage also became popular in Parisian ballet studios.
Jules Leotard passed away in Spain in 1870. The cause of his death was likely typhoid or cholera. He was 28 years of age. The word leotard, used to describe what Jules Leotard called a maillot, did not come into use until around 1886, some 16 years after his death. Today the French word maillot means a jersey or swimsuit: it may have tickled Leotard to know that his maillot is no longer a term used in acrobatics.
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